According to the Law for Employment Promotion, etc. of the Disabled includes, there is a quota system for employment of PWDs. Enterprises where the number of regularly employed workers is 56 or over have been required to employ physically or intellectually disabled persons equivalent to 1.8% or more of the workforce.
Legal ration of employment of PWDs
| Private companies | 1.8% |
| Quasi governmental organization | 2.1% |
| National, Local government | 2.1% |
| Board of Education in prefectures | 2.0% |
■Levy and grant system
Employment of PWDs involves certain financial burdens, compared with that of persons without disabilities, such as the expense of modifying working facilities and equipment, special employment management, and so on.
As a result, an imbalance exists in the financial burden between enterprises which faithfully observe their employment obligation and those which do not.
According to the Law for Employment Promotion, etc. of the Disabled, from the viewpoint of creating collective social responsibility among employers, Levy and Grant System for employing disabled persons has been established based on contributions from employers. The system aims to adjust economic burdens and promote employment of disabled persons
♣ Collection of Levies
Employers with 300 regular workers or less who fail to employ the legally required number of PWDs
* 50,000 yen per person per month
・ Payment of Adjustment Allowance for Employing Disabled Persons
* 27,000 yen per person per month
・ Payment of Rewards
* 21,000 yen per person per month in excess of a fixed number (equivalent to the accumulative number, in the fiscal year, of 4% of regular workers per month, or 72 persons, whichever is greater)
・ Payment of Grant for
- provision of workplace facilities, etc. for PWDs
- provision of welfare facilities, etc. for PWDs
- workplace attendants for PWDs
- commuting measures for PWDs
- provision of facilities, etc. in enterprises employing a large number of PWDs
- skill development of PWDs
- Employment Support Centers for PWDs, etc.
Eligibility for quota scheme and vocational rehabilitation service
| Type of disability | physical | intellectual | psychiatric |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vocational rehabilitation services |  |
|
|
| Quota scheme | |
|
 |
| Levies and adjustment allowances | |
|
|
| Several grants | |
|
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(2) Development of Employment of PWDs in Japan
| 1955 | ILO Recommendation No.99 |
|---|---|
| 1960 | Employment Promotion Law for Persons with Physical Disabilities : “moral obligation” |
| 1976 | Employment Promotion Law for Persons with Physical Disabilities （Revision）”legal obligation” Levy and Grant system Double Counting system of Persons with Severe Disabilities
Reduction of Levies for employee with intellectual disabilities |
| 1983 | ILO Convention No.159 |
| 1987 | Law for Employment Promotion, etc. of the Disabled Vocational rehabilitation services for persons with all categories of disabilities could be provided |
| 1992 | Ratification of ILO Convention No.159 |
| 1997 | Law for Employment Promotion, etc. of the Disabled（Revision）Quota scheme for persons with intellectual disabilities started |
| 2006 | Law for Employment Promotion, etc. of the Disabled（Revision）Persons with psychiatric disability can be counted as the number of employees with disabilities in the Quota scheme (still out of legal obligation of employment) |
